Precision measurement of modal birefringence of highly birefringent fibers by periodic lateral force.

Uncertainty of the Sagnac interferometer-based measurement of the modal birefringence of polarization maintaining optical fibers

Presented is an analysis of the expanded uncertainty of an indirect measurement of modal birefringence of polarization maintaining fibers, based on the Sagnac interferometer and an optical spectrum analyzer. By using this method it is easy to achieve an expanded measurement uncertainty considerably lower than 1%, at a confidence level of 0.95, in measurements of fibers, whose birefringence is i...

‘modal-noise’ in Single-mode Fibers: a Cautionary Note for High Precision Radial Velocity Instruments

Exploring the use of single-mode fibers (SMFs) in high precision Doppler spectrometers has become increasingly attractive since the advent of diffraction-limited adaptive optics systems on largeaperture telescopes. Spectrometers fed with these fibers can be made significantly smaller than typical ‘seeing-limited’ instruments, greatly reducing cost and overall complexity. Importantly, classical ...

Birefringence Measurements in Fibers Without Polarizer

A novel method is described which measures the delay between polarization eigenmodes in either highor low-birefringence fibers. The main advantage of this interferometric method is its ability to perform the measurements without the use of any polarizing device. This results in a particularly easy handling and makes this technique very suitable for systematic fiber controls. The obtained accura...

Vector modulational instability induced by parametric resonance in periodically tapered highly birefringent optical fibers

Micromanipulation studies of chromosome movement. II. Birefringent chromosomal fibers and the mechanical attachment of chromosomes to the spindle

The degree of mechanical coupling of chromosomes to the spindles of Nephrotoma and Trimeratropis primary spermatocytes varies with the stage of meiosis and the birefringent retardation of the chromosomal fibers. In early prometaphase, before birefringent chromosomal fibers have formed, a bivalent can be displaced toward a spindle pole by a single, continuous pull with a microneedle. Resistance ...